Four fire engines and around 25 firefighters were called to a flat fire on Duckett Street in Stepney Green.
Part of a flat on the first floor of a three-storey block was damaged by the fire. Five women and four men left the building before the Brigade arrived. There were no reports of any injuries.
The Brigade's fire investigators believe the fire was accidental and caused by the failure of a lithium-ion battery from an e-bike.
A London Fire Brigade spokesperson said: “It’s incredibly concerning we are continuing to see a rise in incidents involving e-bikes and e-scooters.
“When these batteries and chargers fail, they do so with ferocity and because the fires develop so rapidly the situation can quickly become incredibly serious.
“Lithium-ion batteries are susceptible to failure if incorrect chargers are used and there is a significant risk posed by e-bikes which have been converted.
"We are predominantly seeing fires in ones which have been purchased from online marketplaces and batteries which have been sourced on the internet, which may not meet the correct safety standards.
“Our advice is to try and store and charge these items in a safe location if possible, such as in a shed or garage, and if they have to be stored inside, make sure there is smoke detection fitted and your means of escape is not obstructed.
“However we know this won’t be possible for everyone, so if you are charging them indoors, please follow our advice on using safe charging and ensure everyone in your home knows what to do in the event of a fire.
“We would also suggest people try not to charge them when they are asleep, so that if there is an issue they can react quickly.”
The Brigade's 999 Control Officers took 14 calls to the blaze.
The Brigade was called at 0105 and the fire was under control by 0208. Fire crews from Bethnal Green, Whitechapel, Shadwell and Poplar fire stations were at the scene.
E-bike and e-scooter safety advice: