Four fire engines and around 25 firefighters were called to a fire at a disused chapel on Hanworth Road in Whitton.
Part of the roof of the building was damaged by the fire. There were no reports of any injuries.
The Brigade's 999 Control Officers took seven calls to the blaze.
The Brigade was called at 0402 and the fire was under control by 0546. Fire crews from Heston, Twickenham and Feltham fire stations were at the scene.
The cause of the fire is under investigation by the Brigade and the Metropolitan Police Service.