Four fire engines and around 25 firefighters tackled a flat fire on Stoke Newington Road in Dalston.
Part of a two-roomed flat above a shop was damaged by fire. Six people left the building before the Brigade arrived and one man was taken to hospital by air ambulance.
The fire is believed to be accidental caused by the failure of an an e-bike lithium battery.
A London Fire Brigade spokesperson said: “It’s incredibly concerning we are continuing to see a rise in incidents involving e-bikes and e-scooters.
“When these batteries and chargers fail, they do so with ferocity and because the fires develop so rapidly the situation can quickly become incredibly serious.
“We would also suggest people try not to charge them when they are asleep, so that if there is an issue they can react quickly.”
The Brigade was called at 0907 and the fire was under control by 1006. Fire crews from Stoke Newington, Islington and Shoreditch fire stations attended the scene.